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High blood pressure is called a silent killer because often people don’t know that they have it. It damages blood vessels in the body. If it damages blood vessels in the heart, it causes heart attacks. If the damage is to blood vessels in the brain, it causes strokes; and if in the kidneys, it can cause kidney failure. In addition, because the heart has to pump against the high blood pressure, it is the most common cause of heart failure.

We can compare blood going through arteries to water going through a garden hose. In a brand new hose, water flows through without a problem. But, as the hose gets older and gets a little stiffer, there could be places where it is hard to unkink. The water pushes harder to get through these spots, causing the pressure to rise. That might work for a while, but if there’s a weak spot, the hose could spring a leak because of the high water pressure. As we get older, our arteries could start getting clogged with plaque from our fatty American diets of too many french fries and burgers; plus, as we age, our arteries become less elastic.

Most of us know that there are two numbers that we use to measure blood pressure: The systolic reading, which measures the pressure when the heart pumps, and the diastolic reading, which measures the pressure between heart beats. Normal blood pressure is usually below 140/90 mmHg. In those over age 50, the most important number is the top number, which should be less than 140.

You can get your blood pressure checked at your doctor’s office, and many neighborhood clinics or health fairs offer free checks. If you have high blood pressure and buy a blood pressure machine to use at home, be sure to take it along with all your medications when you go to your doctor so that it can be checked for accuracy.

If you’ve got high blood pressure, it is important to lower it with diet, exercise and weight loss. In many cases, these steps may not be enough to lower pressure. It that case, medicines are necessary. Currently available high blood pressure medications are usually easy to take with few side effects (certainly less than those after a stroke, kidney machine, etc).

Some men fear that blood pressure medications can destroy their sex life. In fact, it is the high blood pressure that reduces sexual performance when the blood vessels to this area are damaged. Lowering the blood pressure may allow the blood vessels to heal.

This is even more important for people with other heart risk factors, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of stroke or heart disease, and cigarette smoking. Through important research, we have found that water pills (called diuretics), which are inexpensive, are as effective, and in most cases better, especially in Black patients than newer more expensive pills. Since most patients will require more than one medication to control their blood pressure, a water pill should be one of the medications used.

So, if you don’t know what your blood pressure is, or if it has been a while since you have had it checked, please check it as soon as you can then see your doctor if the numbers are high. Help stop the silent killer before it stops you.

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